The fruit morphology of some Xanthium species
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/ZARS2401138KKeywords:
weed, Xanthium, identification, morphological characteristics of fruitAbstract
Xanthium species are widespread weed species, in many countries characterized as invasive. Due to the tendency for occasional cross-pollination (less than 12%) among subspecies, many variations arise, which often result in small, local, but unstable taxa so identification could be very problematic. In this research, based on morphological characteristics, two species of the genus Xanthium were identified, in Bosnia and Herzegovina: X. orientale L. and X. spinosum L. Within the species X. orientale L., two subspecies were identified: X. orientale L. subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter and X. orientale L. subsp. riparium (Čelak.) Greuter. Morphological characteristics of the fruit as size, weight, and morphology of the fruit/seed coat can be very helpful for the identification of species or lower taxonomic categories. Morphological characteristics of the fruit (fruit length, length of apical beaks, fruit width with and without lateral beaks and mass of fruit) were recorded. Among the observed subspecies X. orientale L. subsp. italicum and X. orientale L. subsp. riparium, morphological differences are noticeable primarily in the appearance of the lateral and the apical beaks of the fruit.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Biljana Kelečević, Zlatan Kovačević, Sava Vrbičanin, Siniša Mitrić, Danijela Petrović, Novo Pržulj
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