Yield and cluster charasteristics of grapevine varieties grown in the gene bank of the experimental vineyard Radmilovac (Serbia)

Abstract

The selection of an appropriate variety is a key factor in achieving desired wine production outcomes. To properly identify and evaluate grapevine varieties, morphological and molecular characterization using appropriate methods is essential. Morphological characterization primarily relies on various types of descriptors, particularly OIV descriptors, which describe the most important organs of the vine, such as shoots, leaves, flowers, clusters, berries, and seeds.The study was conducted over two years at the “Radmilovac” Experimental Estate of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, one of the three existing grapevine germplasm collections in Serbia. Ampelographic characterization included thirty grapevine varieties, mostly intended for wine production (23 varieties) originating from Vitis vinifera, while seven varieties had combined properties. The analyzed varieties were planted between 1991 and 1993, with a spacing of 3 × 1 m and grafted on to Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5 BB rootstock. The study examined cluster and berry characteristics and yield parameters, which are essential for selecting varieties in viticulture and improving cultivation techniques and breeding programs. The results showed significant variations in cluster and berry mass among the studied varieties. The average cluster weight ranged from 110 g to over 400 g, while berry mass varied from less than 1.4 g to over 3 g. Cabernet Sauvignon clones exhibited the lowest yield, while the Prokupac variety had the highest yield per vine. Additionally, significant differences were observed between the obtained results and data from the Vitis database for some varieties, particularly regarding cluster and berry weight. The obtained results highlight the importance of detailed ampelographic characterization for the conservation and utilization of genetic resources in viticulture, supporting the selection of varieties with desirable agronomic and technological traits.